Global Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
Drugs (NSAIDs) Market is expected to grow at a higher CAGR in the forecast
period. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) decrease inflammation but
are not related to steroids that also reduce inflammation. NSAIDs work by
plummeting the production of prostaglandins. NSAIDs are a drug class that
groups together drugs that provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic
(fever-reducing) effects, and, in superior doses, anti-inflammatory effects.
Prostaglandins are chemicals that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. They
also protect the lining of the stomach and intestines from the damaging effects
of acid, encourage blood clotting by activating blood platelets, and promote
normal function of the kidneys.
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The enzymes that produce
prostaglandins are called cyclooxygenases (COX). There are two types of COX
enzymes, viz COX-1 and COX-2. Both the enzymes produce prostaglandins that
promote inflammation, pain, and fever.However, only COX-1 produces
prostaglandins that activate platelets and protect the stomach and intestinal
lining.NSAIDs block COX enzymes and reduce production of prostaglandins.
Therefore, inflammation, pain, and fever are reduced. Since the prostaglandins
that protect the stomach and promote blood clotting are also reduced, NSAIDs
that block both COX-1 and COX-2 can cause ulcers in the stomach and intestines,
and increase the risk of bleeding.
Aspirin, the only NSAID able to
irrevocably inhibit COX-1, is also indicated for inhibition of platelet
aggregation. This is useful for the management of arterial thrombosis and
prevention of adverse cardiovascular events. Aspirin inhibits platelet
aggregation by inhibiting the action of thromboxane A2.In general, the NSAIDs
inhibit both - COX-1 and COX-2. Most NSAIDs are mainly COX-1 selective (e.g.,
aspirin, ketoprofen, indomethacin, piroxicam, sulindac). Others are
measuredslightly selective for COX-1 (eg, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac) and
the others may be considered slightly selective for COX-2 (eg, etodolac,
nabumetone, and meloxicam).
The mechanism of action of
celecoxib and rofecoxib is primarily selective inhibition of COX-2; at
therapeuticconcentrations, the COX-1 isoenzyme is not inhibited thus GI
toxicity may be decreased.Other mechanisms that may supply to NSAID
anti-inflammatory activity include the reduction of superoxide radicals,
induction of apoptosis, inhibition of adhesion molecule expression, reduce of
nitric oxide synthase, reduce of proinflammatory cytokine levels (tumor
necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1), modification of lymphocyte activity, and
alteration of cellular membrane functions. Central analgesic activity has been
established in animal pain models by some NSAIDs such as diclofenac, ibuprofen,
indomethacin, and ketoprofen.
This couldbe because of the
interference of prostaglandin (PGE1, F2 and F2a) mediated pain formation or
with transmitters or modulators in the nociceptive system. The other proposals
include the central action mediated by opioid peptides, inhibition of serotonin
release, or inhibition of excitatory amino acids or N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptors.
NSAIDs are mainly effective
against the type of pain in which PGs sensitize pain receptors (inflammation
and tissues) including the pain of arthritis, bursitis, pain of muscular
andmvascula origin and dysmenorrhea. The efficiency of these agents against
headache may result from their aptitude to inhibit PG-mediated cerebral
vascular vasodilation.
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NSAIDs are useful in the
management of post-operative dental pain following invasive dental events such
as dental extraction. When not contra-indicated they are favored over the use
of paracetamol without help due to the anti-inflammatory result they give. When
used in mixture with paracetamol the analgesic effect has been established to
be enhanced.
NSAIDs Market is segmented by
Product Type into Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Nabumetone.NSAIDs Market is segmented
by Application into Back Pain treatment, Osteoarthritis treatment, and the
other disease treatment. Geographically, the NSAIDs market spans North America,
Europe, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia, India.The Key Players in the NSAIDs
market include Bayer (DE), Nova cap (FR), Abbott, Pfizer Inc, Geri-Care
Pharmaceuticals, Perrigo Company, Kopran Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.,
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, GlaxoSmithKline, Reddy Pharmaceuticals Ltd,
Johnson & Johnson.
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